In examining the differences in E-cadherin and CD44 adhesion protein expression in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) between HIV-positive and HIV-negative women, and evaluating the correlation with HPV infection, various studies have found that alterations in E-cadherin and CD44 expression are common in CIN and are influenced by HPV infection [63]. This evidence concerns the gene CDH1 and cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia.