TLR4 and endometritis: A study by El-Sayed et al. [42] reported a significant upregulation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), IL-8, IL-17, NF-κB, and Keap1, along with a downregulation of key antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and CAT, as well as Nrf2, in buffalo suffering from endometritis.