Notably, six signaling pathways involved in osteoclast differentiation (genes Fosb, Il1b, Socs1, and Socs3), IL-17 signaling (genes Fosb and Il1b), AGE-RAGE signaling in diabetic complications (genes Egr1 and Il1b), African trypanosomiasis (gene Il1b), and TNF signaling (gene Il1b and Socs3); and growth hormone synthesis, secretion, and action (genes Socs1 and Socs3) were downregulated in the AD mice compared to the WT mice, while they were upregulated after the treadmill exercise. Here, TNF is linked to human African trypanosomiasis.