IGF1 and Alzheimer disease: In our study, we observed the inhibition of the IGF-1/PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in skeletal muscle and a reduction in PI3K/Akt phosphorylation in the AD mice, whereas the treadmill exercise enhanced the IGF-1/PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and promoted PI3K/Akt phosphorylation in both wild-type and AD mice, indicating the role of treadmill activity in improving protein synthesis in mouse skeletal muscle.