INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: In keeping with this, leptin levels positively correlated with the BMI and HOMA-IR in all genders (T2DM males: 8.1 ng/mL of leptin, non-diabetic males: 3.8 ng/mL; T2DM females: 38.5 ng/mL, non-diabetic females 7.4 ng/mL) and to plasma insulin levels (r = 0.35, p = 0.007), suggesting the coexistence of IR and hyperleptinemia in subjects with T2DM [111].