CXCL8 and acute lung injury: Interleukin-6, interleukin-8, surfactant protein D, and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor I/II (sTNFr I/II), as well as ICAM-1 and VWF, have been found to be elevated in patients with acute lung injury, and their levels fluctuate rapidly in response to different ventilation strategies [208].