(1) Insulin-dependent patients: 1.93 times more likely to have AC (1.96 after adjusting for HbA1c).(2) Patients on oral hypoglycemic drugs: 1.5 times more likely to develop AC than those not on insulin or oral agents.(3) Insulin users (with or without oral agents): 1.2 times higher rate of AC(4) Poor glycemic control (past 3 months): 1.5 times higher rate of AC.(5) A total of 41.3% of DM patients had AC. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is diabetes mellitus.