The expression levels of ARG-1 were further validated by Western blot analysis (Fig. 2D-F), Furthermore, cytokine array experiments suggested that EXO-P3H can stimulate the secretion of pro-tumorigenic factors, including VEGF, RANTES, MCP-3, IL-10, IL-8, GRO-α and GRO, by HMC3 cells, while the TNF-α was downregulated, thereby promoting the malignant progression of GBM (Fig. 2G, Figure S3A). Here, TNF is linked to glioblastoma.