Currently, several clinical trials, including a phase II trial (NCT02986178) evaluating PVSRIPO as a monotherapy and phase I/II (NCT03973879) and phase II (NCT04479241) trials investigating the combination of PVSRIPO with the anti-PD-L1 antibody atezolizumab or the anti-PD-1 antibody pembrolizumab, are underway in GBM patients. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is glioblastoma.