NFKB1 and osteoporosis: However, the involvement of NF-κB and ERK signaling pathways in osteoporosis pathogenesis222–224 and their known association with 14-3-3 proteins suggest a potential regulatory role.225,226 The similarity in mechanisms through which 14-3-3 proteins modulate pathological processes in other diseases to those in osteoporosis, together with findings in animal models, supports the hypothesis that 14-3-3 proteins could serve as both prophylactic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for osteoporosis.