Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) play a vital role in the pathogenesis of RA and OA by producing proinflammatory factors, inflammatory mediators, and metalloproteinases that lead to joint inflammation and cartilage destruction.126 Within the 14-3-3 protein family, the isoforms 14-3-3η and 14-3-3ε play significant roles in these conditions. This evidence concerns the gene YWHAE and rheumatoid arthritis.