A distraction osteogenesis model in mice showed a significantly increased number of macrophages.62 In vivo, FSS could lead to macrophage infiltration and modulation of tumor inflammation.63 In vitro, extracellular stiffness enhanced cytokine secretion and phagocytic activity in macrophages.64 Our findings revealed that during bone regeneration, mechanical loading promoted the accumulation of macrophages at bone defects, particularly M2 macrophages involved in repair and remodeling, with enhanced expression of periostin. The gene discussed is POSTN; the disease is neoplasm.