TNF and cardiomyopathy: As with other forms of dilated cardiomyopathy, doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity may exhibit extensive fibrosis and scattered cardiomyocytes with vacuolar degeneration, and necrotic cardiomyopathy may be present, although less common.10 Therefore, exploration of TNF-α-related pathogenetic mechanism and discovery of novel therapeutic targets of doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy are highly warranted.