TARDBP and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: ALS is associated with many different environmental causes (Al-Chalabi et al. 2014; Al-Chalabi and Lewis 2011; Chiò et al. 2018; Goutman et al. 2023), with excitotoxicity and the hallmark pathology of TDP-43 mislocalisation being common features resulting from exposure to cyanotoxins such as cyanotoxin L-BMAA (Anzilotti et al. 2023; Rao et al. 2006) and pesticides such as chlorpyrifos (Pulkrabkova et al. 2023; Rush et al. 2010) (Fig. 1).