TGFB1 and neoplasm: TGF-β1 induces the differentiation of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts into CAFs [117,118], while CAFs indirectly promote tumor growth and metastasis by recruiting immune cells, such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and regulatory T-cells (Tregs), through cytokines and chemokines, including IL-6, IL-8, and TGF-β1 [119].