MMP2 and neoplasm: Within the tumor microenvironment (TME), CAFs are heterogeneous, exhibiting diverse origins, functions (either pro-tumor or anti-tumor), and surface markers such as alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), myosin light chain 9 (MYL9), myosin light chain kinase (MYLK), matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), decorin (DCN), and collagen type I alpha 2 (COL1A2) [112,113].