UCP1 and liver disorder: This occurs through the activation of the β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) and cyclic AMP (cAMP) for either UCP1-dependent or independent NST, as well as the α1-adrenergic receptor (α1-AR) pathway for UCP1-independent thermogenesis [111], contributing more efficiently to lipolysis and thermogenesis, thereby suggesting a positive impact on liver disease.