PNPLA2 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: In diet-induced animal models of NAFLD, riboflavin deficiency is negatively correlated with PPARγ activity, leading to upregulated lipogenesis, dysregulated TG hydrolysis (by Adipose Triglyceride Lipase, ATGL), and impaired antioxidant mechanisms (including Glutathione Reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the liver.