CD154 originating from activated T cells or platelets was shown to promote the upregulation of CD40 on the surface of mesangial cells and thus enhance their proliferation and the release of pro-inflammatory factors, such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and pro-fibrotic factors, including TGF-β, which are important players in glomerular nephritis pathogenesis [60,61]. Here, CD40LG is linked to glomerulonephritis.