Additionally, it is shown to be upregulated following ischemic injury, playing an important role in ventricular fibroblast activation [36], and in recent studies showing to be upregulated in both in vitro and in vivo mice CKD models in vascular smooth muscle cells, leading to vascular calcification by modulating YAP phosphorylation and MMP2 [33]. Here, MMP2 is linked to chronic kidney disease.