TNF and non-small cell lung carcinoma: These data led to the phase 1b clinical trial TICIMEL, assessing upfront TNF inhibition with dual ICI in advanced melanoma, as well as trials evaluating upfront tocilizumab, an anti-IL-6R antibody, in combination with ipilimumab and nivolumab in melanoma (NCT03999749) and in melanoma, NSCLC, or urothelial carcinoma (NCT04940299) (46–53, 77, 79).