TNF and nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Early iPSC-NPC transplantation leads to a decrease in the production and release of inflammatory cells, including MPO+ neutrophils, CD11b+ microglia [32], inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the brain and secondary blood-brain barrier (BBB); interleukins, including IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) [32]; and inflammatory signaling proteins, including high mobility group box 1 (HMGB-1), Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88), p-lx, and nuclear NF-x [41].