In addition to mutation analysis, Batochir et al. identified specific methylation patterns in the EV-DNA of lung cancer BALF and reported that combinations of seven epigenetic biomarkers (including HOXA9, HOXD3, PCDH1, NID2, NPTX2, RASSF1A, and SFRP2) were capable of discriminating between lung cancer and benign lung diseases suspected of lung malignancy [125]. Here, HOXD3 is linked to lung carcinoma.