In keeping with the effects on filtration fraction, both [Pyr1]apelin-13 1 nmol/min and 30 nmol/min reduced proteinuria in patients with CKD (1 nmol/min: 349 ± 98 to 269 ± 91 μg/min; 30 nmol/min: 308 ± 86 to 252 ± 73 μg/min, p < 0.01 for both, Fig. 2D), equivalent to reductions of ~ 25%. This evidence concerns the gene APLN and chronic kidney disease.