ALB and diabetes mellitus: albumin (ALB); body mass index (BMI); chronic kidney disease (CKD); cardiovascular disease (CVD); diabetes mellitus (DM); estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR); glomerular filtration rate (GFR); hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c); high-density lipoprotein (HDL); hemoglobin (HGB); the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES); Oxidative balance score (OBS); Oxidative stress(OS);Restricted cubic spline (RCS); serum creatinine (Scr); total cholesterol (TC); triglyceride (TG); urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR).