Numerous studies on chronic and first-episode schizophrenia have shown elevated levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and C-reactive proteins in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid (19–22), suggesting that neuroinflammation is a key pathophysiological mechanism of schizophrenia (21, 23). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and schizophrenia.