A novel method to convert the immunosuppressive TME of glioblastoma is to arm CAR T cells with a dominant-negative TGF-β receptor II which in a rodent model of glioblastoma lowers the levels of the immunosuppressive cytokine TGF-β in the TME, enhances T cell proliferation, eradicates intracranial tumors, and significantly improves survival (114). Here, TGFB1 is linked to glioblastoma.