Several randomized phase III trials of adjuvant and neoadjuvant immunotherapy have revealed how PD-(L)1 blockade alone or in combination with chemotherapy leads to significant substantial in disease-free survival and OS in patients with stages IB to IIIA NSCLC.17, 18, 19 Nevertheless, robust and clinically available biomarkers are not currently available to help distinguish patients who derive the greatest benefit from (neo)adjuvant immune checkpoint blockade versus those who may not need perioperative immunotherapies. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.