The neuropathological hallmarks of PD are the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the accumulation of intraneuronal inclusions known as Lewy bodies (LBs) that are enriched in the protein alpha-synuclein (aSyn).2–5 aSyn also accumulates in protein inclusions in other neurodegenerative diseases, such as dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and multiple system atrophy (MSA). This evidence concerns the gene SNCA and Lewy body dementia.