• The expression of Smim20 mRNA was higher in the ovary and PAT of PCOS rats, while PNX-14 peptide production was increased specifically in the ovary.• The level of the GRP173 receptor was lower in PAT but increased in the ovary of PCOS rats. The phosphorylation of kinases varied significantly depending on the tissues in PCOS rats. The gene discussed is SMIM20; the disease is polycystic ovary syndrome.