VHL and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma: There are five defined subtypes of RCC such as clear cell (ccRCC)which can account for up to 75% of cases and papillary (pRCC) whichhas a smaller share at 15%.16 The 786-Ocell line from ccRCC is characterized by the chromosome 3p deletionand a mutation in the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene,leading to dysregulated hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs).17,18 The HIF pathway activation leads to enhanced transcription of factorsi.e., VEGF, Survivin, MMP2 and glycolytic enzymes.