TARDBP and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: ALS can be sporadic (~ 80%) or familial (~ 20%) [2], and in the latter case can be caused by numerous genetic mutations with the most common being in chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9ORF72) [3, 4], superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) [5], Fused in Sarcoma (FUS) [6, 7] and TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) [8–10].