Iron, as an important trace element in the body, can influence the incidence of cardiovascular events when deficient or overloaded.459–461 Clinical studies show that 47% of elderly heart failure patients have reduced transferrin saturation, and low transferrin saturation is independently linked to a higher risk of all-cause death.462 Increasing evidence suggests that the development of many forms of cardiovascular diseases, such as heart failure, myocardial infarction, and cardiomyopathy, is driven by ferroptosis (Fig. 4). Here, TF is linked to myocardial infarction.