KEAP1 and cancer: PDAC is one of the deadliest cancers, with 75% of patients developing liver metastases within 1–2 years following original tumor resection.158 Mitochondria play a crucial role in the occurrence and development of pancreatic cancer.159 The mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) regulates Ca2+ in mitochondria, and Ca2+ uptake by MCU buffers the increase of cytoplasmic Ca2+ and regulates mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation.160–162 MCU stimulates PDAC cell invasion, migration, and metastasis via activating the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-Nrf2 antioxidant pathway.