Similarly, a potential role for Fn in breast and pancreatic cancers has been recently reported.106,162–164 Additionally, Fn associates with both gastric and esophageal cancers and may even serve as a predictor of disease severity.150,165,166 Thus far, all of the laboratory studies of Fn with these malignancies have employed Fnn strains.16,106,108,109,162–164. This evidence concerns the gene FN1 and familial pancreatic carcinoma.