GBP1 and infection: We used CRISPR–Cas9-engineered HeLa GBP1 KO cells stably expressing mCherry–GBP1 variants under a Tet-inducible promoter (HeLa ∆GBP1 + Tet-mCherry-GBP1) cells for infection with mCerulean3-expressing S. Typhimurium and quantified coat density on cytosolic bacteria at 2 h after infection (Fig. 7d).