CTSD and Alzheimer disease: In this study, we demonstrated that TBI reduced the expression of BAG3 in neurons and OLG (Fig. 4e–h, Supplementary Fig. 6, Fig. 5d–g, and Supplementary Fig. 7) with ptau accumulation, as well as the global reductions in ALP-associated genes, such as CTSD and LAMP1 (Fig. 8a–d, h, i), which have also been altered in AD [58, 60, 88, 98].