Although we have not validated if the overexpression of BAG3 specifically in astrocytes can prevent AD-like pathology and cognitive deficits induced by TBI in this study, increased BAG3 in astrocytes is probably a protective and compensatory response of astrocytes to degrade tau in pathological conditions because there is no ptau found in astrocytes (Supplementary Fig. 2g) in animal models with TBI. This evidence concerns the gene MAPT and Cognitive impairment.