INS and diabetes mellitus: Seven predictors associated with VTDR were used to construct the prediction model, including the age of diabetes onset (<50 years, RR = 1.044; 95% CI = 1.005–1.085), diabetes duration (per one year increase, RR = 1.083; 95% CI = 1.063–1.104), HbA1c (per 1% increase from 7%, RR = 1.171; 95% CI = 1.041–1.317), hypertension (RR = 1.919; 95% CI = 1.789–2.059), eGFR (<60 ml / min / 1.73m2, RR = 1.358; 95% CI = 1.226–1.505), high albuminuria (RR = 1.585; 95% CI = 1.265–1.985), diabetic treatment (oral drugs, RR = 1.63; 95% CI = 1.08–2.47); insulin, RR = 2.88; 95% CI = 1.47–5.64)).