Conclusively, a simple risk-scoring tool for VTDR was established as follows: age of diabetes onset (years; ≥50, scores 0; <50, scores 0.4), duration of diabetes (scores 0.8 per one year), HbA1c (≤7%, scores 0; per 1% increment, scores 1.6), hypertension (non-hypertension, scores 0; hypertension, scores 6.5), eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2, ≥60, scores 0; <60, scores 3.1), high albuminuria (non-high albuminuria, scores 0; high albuminuria, scores 4.6) and diabetic treatment (no treatment, scores 0; oral drugs, scores 4.9; insulin treatment, scores 10.6). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is diabetes mellitus.