identified interactions between cancer cells and endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and macrophages by single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of NSCLC patient samples, revealing multiple signalling pathways (e.g., EGFR, NOTCH, WNT, and PDGF, etc.)that are associated with carcinogenesis (Figure 1B). This evidence concerns the gene EGFR and non-small cell lung carcinoma.