NLRP3 and myelodysplastic syndrome: Recently, S100A9-mediated induction of NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent pyroptotic cell death of hematopoietic progenitors has been shown to contribute to ineffective hematopoiesis and low blood counts in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), whereas neutralization of S100A9 or pharmacologic NLRP3 inhibition were able to ameliorate pyroptosis and improve hemoglobin and platelet values in an MDS mouse model (48).