Elevated levels of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), HMGB1 and S100A8/A9, in the circulation of patients with myelofibrosis (MF) may trigger Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation in monocytes promoting inflammatory responses, such as CD11b and tissue factor expression, and production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β and IL-6. This evidence concerns the gene S100A8 and myelofibrosis.