HIF1A and rheumatoid arthritis: In RA, the microenvironment is hypoxic, and metabolic shifts occur; HIF-1α acts as a vital transcription factor in RA synoviocytes and is involved in various physiological processes (Fearon et al. 2016), and HIF-1α promotes metabolic reprogramming including anaerobic glycolysis and synoviocyte migration (Koedderitzsch et al. 2021), invasion, apoptosis, and angiogenesis (Liu et al. 2024).