SOX4 and cancer: Aging induces stable cell cycle arrest and the secretion of various factors that can remodel tissue environments, exerting both positive and negative effects on the organism, particularly in the context of cancer.103 For example, with increasing age, invasive cancer cells gradually producing methylmalonic (MMA) acid, inducing SOX4, which is associated with remodeling of the TME,104 and activate fibroblasts.