IL-2 and IL-7 are pro-inflammatory cytokines associated with the pathogenesis of CD.17,18 IL-2 controls T cell stimulation and proliferation, contributing to mucosal injury and inflammation in CD patients’ small intestines.17 Similarly, IL-7 is required for T cell growth and immunological homeostasis maintenance; alterations in IL-7 signaling may contribute to immune dysregulation and inflammation in CD.18 Here, IL7 is linked to Cowden disease.