HMOX1 and diabetes mellitus: Spring (TFST) mitigate oxidative stress through the activation of the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling pathway mediated by nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), thereby ameliorating acute lung injury (ALI) induced by diabetes.<h4>Materials and methods</h4>Male mice weighing 20-25 grams were divided into four groups: a control group, a diabetic group, a diabetic group treated with TFST, and a diabetic group treated with TFST and ML385.