IRF1 upregulates PD-L1, and HHLA2, and activates the mTOR/STAT3/AKT pathway to facilitate HCC immune escape, invasion, and migration; meanwhile, IRF1 also enhances HCC autophagy and induces miR-195, CXCL10, and CXCR expression to cause HCC cell apoptosis and death. Here, CD274 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.