IRF4 and cholangiocarcinoma: IRF1 was found to be low expressed in CCA, and IRF1 acted as a tumor suppressor in regulation of CCA cell proliferation, cell cycle, migration, and invasion.604 Moreover, miR-383 could enhance proliferation, migration, and invasion of CCA cells via negatively regulating IRF1.605 Instead, IRF4 could upregulate lncRNA SOX2-OT, which further upregulated SOX2 and activated PI3K/AKT pathway to promote CCA cell proliferation and metastasis.606