Feng et al. found reduced IRF5 expression in human NSCLC tissues,507 while Guo et al. revealed that IRF5 level was significantly higher in the peripheral blood of NSCLC patients.508 Yamashina et al. identified IRF5 as a specific factor for cancer stem-like cells from chemoresistant tumors and it was important for M-CSF and tumorigenic myeloid cellsgeneration. This evidence concerns the gene CSF1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.