IRF5 and glioma: This inhibition attenuated cell proliferation, induced cell apoptosis, and suppressed M2 macrophage polarization, leading to an antitumor effect in the glioma xenograft model.657 Li et al. showed that the knockdown of Gal-9 activated the TLR7/IRF5 pathway, which facilitated macrophages M1 polarization and enhanced CD8+ T cells anti-tumor effect in glioblastoma.658 IRF6 inhibited PKM2 and GLUT1 transcription to impair glycolysis and cell proliferation, and induce apoptosis in glioma cells.