Viral infection leads to the induction of RBCK1, which subsequently catalyzes the ubiquitination and degradation of IRF3.90 During viral infection, MID1 inhibits IFN-I production by interacting with IRF3 and negatively regulating IRF3 protein levels.91 MID1 induces the ubiquitination of IRF3 at Lys313 playing a role in the cellular antiviral response, which is governed by a negative feedback mechanism. Here, MID1 is linked to viral infectious disease.