IRF7 and leukemia: Massimino et al. showed that IRF5 exerted antiproliferative effects, inhibited B-cell receptor (BCR)-ABL signaling, and increased the cytotoxicity of imatinib mesylate in both immortalized and primary CML cells.549 Mathew et al. presented that with sorafenib treatment, active IRF7 (p-IRF7/t-IRF7) levels were increased in both mouse and human leukemia cells, which then facilitated IL-15 production.