Genes such as CCL5, CD8, CXCL8, and VEGFA exhibited significant differences in COAD, READ, and LIHC, as demonstrated in Fig. 4A. Additionally, IL1B, CD2, and CXCL8 showed significant impact on the survival prognosis of colorectal cancer (Fig. 4B). This evidence concerns the gene VEGFA and colorectal cancer.