PRKN and neurodegenerative disease: Notably, the unique gene products identified in the Heparin-MS method exhibited significant association with pathways related to ‘Alzheimer's disease and miRNA effects’ and ‘Parkin-ubiquitin proteasomal system pathway’ (Fig. 3B), which further underscores the value of heparin enrichment in capturing biology related to AD and related neurodegenerative diseases.