Notably, the unique gene products identified in the Heparin-MS method exhibited significant association with pathways related to ‘Alzheimer's disease and miRNA effects’ and ‘Parkin-ubiquitin proteasomal system pathway’ (Fig. 3B), which further underscores the value of heparin enrichment in capturing biology related to AD and related neurodegenerative diseases. This evidence concerns the gene PRKN and early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.