IRF3 and neoplasm: Consistent with these findings, our study revealed significant upregulation of the expression of cGAS, STING, phosphorylated STING, IRF3, and phosphorylated IRF3—key transcription factors within this cascade—in CAR-modified macrophages following coincubation with tumor cells, particularly in SIRPα-inhibited CAR-Ms (Fig. 5G).