IGF1 and autism: Utilizing a comprehensive multi-omics approach, we integrated whole-exome sequencing of ASD patients, single-cell transcriptomic analysis of postmortem cortical tissue from autism children aged 4–7 years, transcriptomic analysis of autism brain organoids, weighted gene co-expression network analysis, protein-protein interaction network analysis, and gene regulatory network analysis to elucidate potential common pathogenic mechanisms involving autism susceptibility genes by linking key molecules within the IGF signaling pathway.