VCL and infection: Comparatively, at the corresponding time points, we did not observe difference between 93/4286 and 93/4286ΩhrpB infected mice, while we observed a reduction of the vinculin cleavage in brains infected with 93/4286ΩhrpB after 24 and 48 h (by 80% ± 0.009 and 87% ± 0.001, respectively) compared to brains infected with 93/4286 while no changes after 12 h of infection (Figures 5A, G).