Other etiologies included primary idiopathic disease (n = 7), autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1 (n = 2), autosomal dominant hypocalcemia (activating mutation of the calcium-sensing receptor) (n = 1), hypoparathyroidism, sensorineural deafness, and renal disease (also known as Barakat syndrome) (n = 1), and DiGeorge syndrome (n = 1). This evidence concerns the gene CASR and Hypoparathyroidism - deafness - renal disease.