Consistent with the existing wet experimental results,27,28 in silico deletion of GATA4 or TBX5 individually had more impact on their direct target genes compared to their indirect target genes, housekeeping genes, and other congenital heart disease-related genes such as NOTCH1 targets29 and NKX2-5 targets30 (Fig. 2b, c). This evidence concerns the gene TBX5 and congenital heart disease.