Additionally, individual deficiencies in either SIRT3 or SIRT5 do not affect host defenses; nevertheless, mice deficient in both SIRT3 and SIRT5 display enhanced inflammatory and bactericidal responses to Listeria monocytogenes infection, including alterations to the inflammatory profiles of macrophages, as well as increased killing activity (262). This evidence concerns the gene SIRT5 and listeriosis.