Although the barrier disruption in ulcerative colitis (UC) suggests innate immunity pre-eminence, the fact that therapy with cyclosporine, integrin blockers and S1P (Sphingosine-1 Phosphate) receptor modulators (working by blocking interaction between S1P and S1P1 receptors, which regulate lymphocyte egress from the spleen and lymph nodes into the systemic circulation, decreasing intestinal inflammation in IBD) all of which block T-cell function, attests to the major additional role played by cells of the adaptive immune system (99). Here, MBTPS1 is linked to ulcerative colitis.