In individuals with advanced HIV/AIDS and CD4+ T cell counts below 200 cells/ul, in addition to P. jirovecii, other opportunistic infections (such as Mycobacterium, Cryptococcus, Aspergillus and Penicillium marneffei) as well as mixed infections were also significantly increased at risk (Jiang et al., 2019; Qin et al., 2020; Mao et al., 2022). This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and AIDS.